Architectural Views
Software architecture defines the high level structure of
the software by putting together a number of architectural elements in an
organized fashion. These elements are chosen to satisfy the functional as well
as non-functional requirements of the system. Perry and Wolfe proposed the
following formula for software architecture:
Software architecture = {Elements, Forms, Rationale}
That is, a software architecture is a set of elements which
have a certain form. These elements are further divided into three categories.
These are: data elements, processing elements, and connecting elements. The
data elements contain the information that is used and transformed in the
system; the processing elements process the data elements and specify the
transformation functions, and connecting elements connect different pieces of
architecture together. These can themselves be data or processing elements.
This formula was modified by Boehm as follows:
Software architecture = {Elements, Forms, Rationale/Constraints}
Krutchen proposed that the software architecture model should be composed of multiple views as a software architecture deals with abstraction, with decomposition and composition, with style and esthetics as well as requirements from different stake holders. His architectural model is known as Krutchen’s 4+1 architectural view model. As evident, this model proposes the development of 5 main views namely the logical view, the process view, the physical view, the development view, and the use case view. The logical view is the object model of the design, the process view captures the concurrency and synchronization aspects of the design, the physical view documents the mapping(s) of the software onto the hardware and reflects its distributed aspect, the development view describes the static organization of the software in its development environment, and the use case view uses selected use cases or scenarios to validate that the architecture supports the required functionality.
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